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Iridaceae family

Cornflag (subsp. byzantinus) Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus subspecies

Cornflag (subsp. byzantinus) is an introduced perennial herb, found in the lower 48 states.

More about this plant

Gladiolus × byzantinus, the eastern gladiolus, Byzantine gladiolus, or Byzantine sword-lily, is a naturally occurring hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. Its parents are Gladiolus dubius and Gladiolus italicus. In spite of its scientific and common names, it is native to the western Mediterranean region, and it has been introduced to the British Isles, and to Tasmania. A perennial arising from a corm and reaching 90 cm (35 in), it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit under its synonym Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus. Wikipedia →

Growing & care

USDA PLANTS · TRY
Conditions
Sources · Conditions
Cold hardiness (derived) — Hardiness
Hardiness
≥ zone 7 derived from its U.S. range
Size & form
Sources · Size & form
USDA PLANTS — Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
In the garden
Herb layer — Sits in the herb of a layered food forest or polyculture.Open guide →
derived roles
Species characteristics from USDA PLANTS (public domain) + TRY (CC BY) — general guidance, not a guarantee for your exact site. Deer "browsing" is documented palatability, not a deer-proof claim.

Wildlife & pollinators

How pollinator value is scored →
❧ Caterpillar hosts ~17 caterpillar species

Gladiolus supports ~17 caterpillar species.

Native butterfly & moth caterpillars are the base of the terrestrial food web — most songbirds rear their young almost entirely on them. As a host for native Lepidoptera this is a moderate genus for introduced plants — native genera typically support far more.

Recorded feeding on Gladiolus in North America, including:

Agrotis ipsilon · Dark Sword-Grass Automeris io · giant silk moth Biston betularia · Peppered Moth Helicoverpa zea · Corn Earworm Heliothis phloxiphaga · Darker-Spotted Straw Moth Macronoctua onusta · Iris Borer
+ 8 more species →
Mamestra configurata · Bertha Armyworm Megalographa biloba · owlet moth Melanchra picta · Zebra Caterpillar Moth Noctua pronuba · Large Yellow Underwing Ostrinia nubilalis · snout moth Papaipema nebris · Stalk Borer Pseudoplusia includens · owlet moth Spodoptera exigua · Beet Armyworm
Keystone count (genus-level) from Warren II 2026 (CC0) · Tallamy host-use records. Named species (a documented Nearctic sample, not exhaustive) from NHM HOSTS (CC0).
Species thumbnails re-hosted from iNaturalist — Creative Commons, credited per image (hover for credit). Click any species to see it on iNaturalist. Not exhaustive; many taxa have no openly-licensed photo yet.
Sources for this entry (11) Open & cited
[01] Scientific name & family — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)
[02] Growth habit & duration — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)
[03] Native status & distribution — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)
[04] Common name — USDA PLANTS (via GBIF)
[05] Invasive / introduced status — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503) — native status
[07] Description — Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
[08] Ecological value — Warren II 2026 (CC0) · Tallamy host-use counts
[09] Cold hardiness (derived) — Derived from U.S. range × USDA PHZM zones
[10] Caterpillar host count — Warren II 2026 (Dryad, CC0) · Tallamy host-use counts
[11] Caterpillar species — NHM HOSTS (CC0)
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PlantKey’s data is open under CC BY-SA 4.0 — free to reuse and adapt, with attribution and the same licence. Photos keep their own per-image licence + credit (see Sources above).

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