Home / Browse / Scrophularia / Dog Figwort

iNaturalist — CC, credited & licensed per image

Scrophulariaceae family

Dog Figwort Scrophularia canina

Dog Figwort is an introduced perennial herb, found in the lower 48 states. It grows to 1.1 ft.

Growing & care

USDA PLANTS · TRY

Conditions

Sources · Conditions

Cold hardiness (derived) — Hardiness

Hardiness: ≥ zone 8 derived from its U.S. range

Size & form

Sources · Size & form

TRY Plant Trait Database (CC BY 4.0) — Height · Foliage

USDA PLANTS — Lifespan

Height: 1.1 ft
Lifespan: Perennial
Foliage: Broadleaf

In the garden

Herb layer — Sits in the herb of a layered food forest or polyculture.Open guide →

Chop-and-drop biomass — Soft, low-density wood is quick-growing and easy to cut back — coppice it and drop the trimmings in place as mulch.Open guide →

derived roles

Species characteristics from USDA PLANTS (public domain) + TRY (CC BY) — general guidance, not a guarantee for your exact site. Deer "browsing" is documented palatability, not a deer-proof claim.

Wildlife & pollinators

How pollinator value is scored →

❧ Caterpillar hosts ~6 caterpillar species

Scrophularia supports ~6 caterpillar species.

Native butterfly & moth caterpillars are the base of the terrestrial food web — most songbirds rear their young almost entirely on them. As a host for native Lepidoptera this is a modest genus.

Recorded feeding on Scrophularia in North America, including:

Amblyptilia pica · Geranium Plume Moth Argyrotaenia citrana · leafroller moth

Argyrotaenia franciscana · Orange Tortrix

Autographa labrosa · owlet moth

Clepsis fucana · leafroller moth

Cnephasia longana · leafroller moth

+ 8 more species →

Dichrorampha radicicolana · leafroller moth

Elaphria chalcedonia · Chalcedony Midget

Euphydryas chalcedona · Variable Checkerspot

Euphydryas phaeton · Baltimore Checkerspot

Eupithecia satyrata · Satyr Pug

Hydraecia stramentosa · owlet moth

Phymatopus hectoides · ghost moth Ptycholoma peritana · leafroller moth

Keystone count (genus-level) from Warren II 2026 (CC0) · Tallamy host-use records. Named species (a documented Nearctic sample, not exhaustive) from NHM HOSTS (CC0).

✦ Bees 2 bee visitors

2 native & managed bee species are documented visiting Dog Figwort :

Andrena florivaga · mining bee

Lasioglossum nitidulum · sweat bee

Visitor records (observations, not exhaustive) from Noori et al. 2026 (CC BY 4.0) · GloBI →

Wildlife & visitors 1 nectaring

Open records of who else uses Dog Figwort — a generalist food-web signal, kept separate from the keystone Ecological Value.

1 adult butterfly & moth species is recorded nectaring at its flowers:

Pleurota ericella

Interaction records (observations, not exhaustive) from GloBI → (CC0). Counts are distinct species; names are the most-recorded. Common names from Wikidata (CC0).

Species thumbnails re-hosted from iNaturalist — Creative Commons, credited per image (hover for credit). Click any species to see it on iNaturalist. Not exhaustive; many taxa have no openly-licensed photo yet.

How we know this (3) Methods & honest limits

Leaf build Direct fact

We read each species’ measured specific leaf area (leaf area per unit dry weight) from the Global Spectrum dataset and band it: thin & fast (high SLA), medium, or thick & tough (low SLA). The global median is about 10 mm²/mg.

Honest limits: A species-mean from pooled measurements — individual plants vary with light and site. A broad strategy signal, not a precise per-plant figure.

Díaz, S. et al. (2022) The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset. Scientific Data 9:755.

Growth strategy Derived

We place each species on Grime’s competitor–stress-tolerator–ruderal (C–S–R) triangle using the globally-calibrated “StrateFy” method: leaf size drives the competitor score, dense low-area leaves the stress-tolerator score, and thin high-area leaves the ruderal score. The result is a C/S/R percentage mix and one of 19 strategy classes; we show it in plain words and keep the percentages for the curious.

Honest limits: A species-mean strategy from pooled global leaf measurements — a broad ecological signal, not a precise per-plant or per-site value. Derived, never a measured fact.

Pierce, S. et al. (2017) A global method for calculating plant CSR ecological strategies applied across biomes world-wide. Functional Ecology 31:444–457.

Photosynthesis Direct fact

A recorded categorical fact: each species is tagged C3 (standard), C4 (heat/water-efficient) or CAM (succulent, night-time CO₂ uptake) — or a facultative combination. We only show a trait card for the noteworthy C4/CAM cases; C3 is the unremarkable majority, kept in the data but not surfaced as a card.

Kattge, J. et al. TRY plant trait database — Categorical Traits Dataset (2012).

Derived values are computed from open data by a published method — labelled, cited, and never shown as a direct observation. Full methodology →

Sources for this entry (20) Open & cited

[01] Scientific name & family — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)

[02] Growth habit & duration — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)

[03] Native status & distribution — USDA PLANTS (DwCA, Zenodo 17903503)

[04] Common name — USDA PLANTS (via GBIF)

[05] Invasive / introduced status — US-RIIS v2.0 (USGS)

[06] Photos — iNaturalist — CC, credited per image

[07] Ecological value — Warren II 2026 (CC0) · Tallamy host-use counts

[08] Foliage — TRY Plant Trait Database (CC BY 4.0)

[09] Height — TRY Plant Trait Database (CC BY 4.0)

[10] Functional traits — TRY Plant Trait Database (CC BY 4.0)

[11] Photosynthetic pathway — TRY Plant Trait Database (CC BY 4.0)

[12] Plant strategy — Derived — Grime’s C–S–R strategy via StrateFy (Pierce et al. 2017) from Díaz 2022 / TRY-81 leaf traits

[13] Cold hardiness (derived) — Derived from U.S. range × USDA PHZM zones

[14] Wildlife & visitors — GloBI — Global Biotic Interactions (CC0)

[15] Chromosomes — ChromoDB — IAPT/IOPB chromosome data series (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0)

[16] Human uses — Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Databases (USDA, CC0)

[17] Bee visitors — Noori et al. 2026 (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0) · via GloBI

[18] Flower-visitor value (derived) — Noori et al. 2026 (CC BY 4.0) · GloBI

[19] Caterpillar host count — Warren II 2026 (Dryad, CC0) · Tallamy host-use counts

[20] Caterpillar species — NHM HOSTS (CC0)

Spot an error or have a better photo? Every field links to its source, and the whole dataset is open.

Cite this page Open data, please attribute

PlantKey’s data is open under CC BY-SA 4.0 — free to reuse and adapt, with attribution and the same licence. Photos keep their own per-image licence + credit (see Sources above).

Citation

Loading…

BibTeX

Loading…

Enable JavaScript for a ready-to-copy citation with today’s access date, or cite this page’s URL with the date you viewed it.

Ecological value open data

1 / 5 Keystone

Keystone (host) value — caterpillar, specialist-bee & monarch hosting. A low number means “not a keystone host,” not “low value”: generalist flower-visitor value is shown separately below and in Bees & wildlife.

Caterpillar host 1

Flower-visitor value derived 2

Recorded flower-visitor breadth — observations, not a nectar measurement. open data

⚠ non-native — reduced keystone value

Deep dive

Caterpillar host · 1/5 — native butterfly & moth caterpillars that feed on this genus — the base of the food web (more caterpillars → more songbirds). Genus-level keystone count from Warren II 2026 (CC0; Tallamy host-use records), gap-filled by our GloBI derivation.

Counts are genus-level and banded 0–5. Full rubric →

Host / keystone value from open interaction data. How this is scored →

📍 In your area live

Introduced to the U.S.

Recorded in 1 state.

Introduced — Conterminous United States

Recorded in 1 states/territories

Conservation

Invasive? Introduced

Toxicity & pet safety

Check the ASPCA pet database →

Educational, not veterinary advice. If you suspect your pet ate this plant, contact a vet or pet poison-control line.

Documented human uses Dr. Duke's

1 use-records

Historically recorded for

Veterinary Mange

A historical record of how this plant has been used — not medical or dietary advice, and not a claim that it is effective or safe. Many plants are toxic; never ingest or treat with a wild plant without expert guidance and a confirmed identification. Dr. Duke's →

Functional traits TRY · Dryad

Wood density very low

0.18 g/cm³

light, fast wood — quick biomass for chop-and-drop mulch

Seed mass tiny

0.38 mg

dust-fine seed — surface-sow; needs careful propagation

Leaf build thin & fast

Thin & fast

thin, low-cost leaves — a fast, light-hungry build built for quick growth (measured leaf area per weight 17.1 mm²/mg)

Leaf size small

Small

small, fine-textured leaves (measured leaf area ~3.5 cm²)

Growth strategy pioneer

Fast pioneer

quick to colonise bare or disturbed ground — short-lived and seeds prolifically

Chromosomes cytotype variation

2n = 24, 26

several cytotypes on record (2n = 24, 26) — a polyploid complex; ploidy varies between populations, which often tracks with adaptability and spread

Deep dive — what these mean

Wood density 0.18 g/cm³ — how heavy the wood is for its size. Denser wood = hotter, longer-burning firewood and tougher poles; lighter wood rots fast (quick mulch).

Seed mass 0 mg — average weight of one seed. Bigger seeds are easier to hand-collect & direct-sow; dust-fine seeds need surface-sowing.

Leaf build — how thick & tough the leaves are. Thin, lightweight leaves grow fast and crave light; thick, tough leaves last longer and shrug off shade, drought & grazing. (measured leaf area per dry weight, 17.1 mm²/mg)

Leaf sturdiness — how dense & firm the leaf tissue is. Sturdier leaves hold up better to drought and browsing. (16% dry matter)

Growth strategy — where this plant sits on the three-way trade-off between out-competing neighbours, enduring hardship, and colonising disturbed ground. Competitor 35% · Stress-tolerator 0% · Pioneer 65% (Grime’s CSR, class R/CR; derived via the StrateFy method, Pierce et al. 2017)

Photosynthesis — the standard “C3” pathway most plants use, most active in cooler, moister, moderate-light conditions. (pathway C3)

Measured traits from TRY + Werner et al. (N-fix), Fan et al. (roots) & FungalRoot — general guidance, not species-specific prescriptions.

More modules coming

Dog Figwort Scrophularia canina

Growing & care

Wildlife & pollinators

Scrophularia supports ~6 caterpillar species.

Related plants